Special Education (SPCE) Practice Exam

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• In which settings can students receive special education services?
• All of the following are methods for assessing the social validity of outcomes except?
• What does LRE stand for in special education terminology?
• Which of the following is a factor not to consider when determining whether or not a functional relation has been demonstrated in an experiment?
• What hypothesis describes the conditions under which access to one behavior may reinforce another behavior?
• What statement best describes recovery from punishment?
• Which term best describes the legal responsibility schools have to meet student needs under the law?
• What is a possible side effect of using punishment?
• What is the purpose of an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
• At what level is it most useful to understand the effect of a treatment?
• Which of the following correctly defines negative punishment?
• What is a limitation of descriptive assessments?
• Which characteristic is associated with functional analysis?
• Which of the following methods is not suitable for identifying potential reinforcers?
• What are the two most common types of assessments used to evaluate students for special education?
• What is the primary reason for conducting a functional analysis?
• What role does research play in evidence-based practices in special education?
• In behavior analysis, what is often considered more effective than punishment?
• How is stimulus discrimination acquired?
• In terms of stimuli, what does "discrimination" refer to?
• What type of reinforcement schedule is described when two or more behaviors are simultaneously reinforced?
• Why might the use of punishment lead to aggressive behavior in students?
• What is the research tactic for examining two or more elements of a treatment package called?
• What issue arises from Mrs. Webb's response-cost procedure regarding students who say "shut up"?
• What is a common characteristic of effective interventions in special education?
• What is the primary goal of conducting a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?
• When a teacher requests something from a student and the student exhibits aggression, what is the teacher's request classified as?
• Which agency oversees the enforcement of IDEA?
• What prerequisite skill must potential learners possess to imitate effectively?
• Which of the following is NOT considered a category under IDEA?
• Why are evidence-based practices particularly important in special education?
• What is the intended outcome of implementing accommodations in the classroom for students with disabilities?
• On a practical level, what is important for FBA in managing problem behavior?
• When teaching complex concepts, which teaching method can be most effective?
• What is a "pull-out" program in special education?
• What technique involves physically stopping a student from completing a behavior?
• What does the ethical principle of least restrictive alternative promote in special education?
• What does FAPE stand for in the context of special education?
• What is the type of motivating operation that replicates the effects of the original when paired with it?
• To form the concept of "vehicles," what must an individual be able to do?
• What is the purpose of stimulus preference assessment?
• Which method is NOT typically used in functional analysis?
• Most-to-least prompt fading begins with what type of prompt?
• What is the primary goal of implementing reinforcer assessments?
• Which approach should be prioritized according to best practices in special education?
• What are behavioral intervention plans (BIPs) used for?
• Which assessment type involves collecting qualitative and quantitative data about existing behaviors?
• What is the purpose of practitioners experiencing a punisher personally before treatment?
• Which ethical consideration is not mentioned regarding punishment usage?
• Which of the following is not a factor influencing the effectiveness of punishment?
• What does Mrs. Salkey's record-keeping of students who cut in line exemplify in her program?
• The main goal of evidence-based practices in special education is to:
• What additional procedure is Mr. Marley using along with the group response cost?
• How many years ago were many recommendations for punishment in behavior analysis derived from basic research?
• What is the primary effect of motivating operations on stimuli?
• What is an example of a stimulus prompt that a job coach might use to assist an employee?
• What is a critical component of effective IEP implementation?
• Which method is recommended over punitive measures when addressing student behavior?
• Which concept can be taught using stimulus discrimination and generalization procedures?
• What term refers to the alteration of the effectiveness of an object or event as a reinforcer?
• What ethical consideration is being violated when using contingent physical restraint for a student's severe problem behavior?
• What is a common form of antecedent variable in behavior interventions?
• What is the importance of cultural competence in special education?
• In the context of special education, liability mainly addresses:
• What role do parents play in the IEP process?
• What is the importance of evidence-based interventions for students with disabilities?
• What is the impact of labeling students in special education?
• Which of the following is not a reason that applied behavior analysts favor visual analysis of data over statistical methods?
• What type of model is demonstrated when learning to purchase a soda by observing someone else first?
• What does FBA stand for in the context of behavior management?
• Which of the following correctly defines positive punishment?
• What behavior does Charles exhibit when prompted to complete a toothbrushing task?
• What is the primary goal of stimulus and response prompt fading?
• What is the role of parents in the special education process?
• What does liability in the context of special education entail?
• What is the primary role of a special education teacher during inclusion?
• What does the term "response blocking" often imply in behavior management situations?
• In special education, what is the role of a case manager?
• How does Mrs. Salkey ensure that students are motivated while implementing the contingent observation program?
• What type of time-out procedure occurs when a student is placed in a penalty box for shouting an answer too early during a game?
• When considering intervention methods, how should practitioners prioritize their decisions?
• To ensure accountability in special education, schools must:
• When a child mimics their father's action of picking up a fork, what characteristic does this behavior exhibit?
• What does the term "adaptive behavior" refer to?
• Which of the following describes transitivity in behavioral training?
• What does the term “least restrictive environment” (LRE) mean in special education?
• What additional requirement is mandated under IDEA for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
• What is a 504 Plan designed to accommodate?
• Which of the following describes the controlling variable for an imitative behavior?
• Which of the following best exemplifies the principle of 'least restrictive alternative' in educational intervention?
• What describes a descriptive functional behavior assessment?
• What does stimulus equivalence provide for learners?
• What must schools ensure in order to comply with IDEA's zero reject principle?
• Which term describes a scenario where a person learns a behavior through observation without a planned model?
• What is the primary legislation governing special education in the United States?
• Which principle guides the provision of special education services?
• Amanda, a two-year-old girl, calls every man in uniform "Daddy!". What is this an example of?
• What does an effective reinforcement schedule ideally enhance?
• What is the difference between high-incidence and low-incidence disabilities?
• Which statement about applied behavior analysis is not supported in the punishment chapter?
• In applied behavior analysis, the continued study of motivating operations is most crucial for understanding which concept?
• What type of control influences behavior related to the availability of an effective reinforcer?
• What is the purpose of collaboration between general and special education teachers?
• What response cost method does Mr. Marley employ by docking minutes from extra recess when he has to remind students to be quiet?
• What aspect of using time-out effectively is demonstrated by Mrs. Salkey informing guardians about the program?
• What does Mr. Peterson want to identify through his observations of Arnold's behaviors?
• Which motivating operation type acquires effectiveness by preceding a worsening or improvement?
• Why is it essential to focus on both social and academic outcomes for students with disabilities?
• After experiencing electric shock, what is the best description of Peter's reaction to the fence wires?
• Motivating operations (MOs) and discriminative stimuli (SDs) share what common feature?
• What is a key issue with Mr. Hendry’s application of the time-out ribbon for students not in their seats?
• What is the main objective of imitation training?
• What can be concluded from the descriptive assessment of Jamal's behavior?
• What is the typical outcome of a successful FBA?
• What kind of schedule involves two or more component schedules for one response, with only one schedule active at a time?
• What does a concurrent schedule reinforcer assessment help to identify?
• Which of the following is an example of an antecedent?
• What is the main focus of positive behavior supports in special education?
• Heather hears a phone ring, then picks up the phone. Her husband talks with her over the phone. What is the behavior in this three-term contingency?
• What role does emotional support play in the context of punishment?
• The degree to which a functional relationship can be demonstrated in circumstances that are different from the experimental conditions is called?
• In special education, what is the term for support tailored to the individual needs of students?
• What constitutes "informed consent" in the context of special education?
• What must be included in an IEP regarding the student's current performance level?
• How often must an IEP be reviewed?
• In the context of reinforcement, what should be avoided to maintain the effectiveness of reinforcers?
• What is one key element of effective reinforcement delivery?
• Which federal law protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination in employment?
• A teacher wants to deliver a sticker to Johnny every time he says "Please." This would be considered positive reinforcement if?
• What is the role of school psychologists in special education?
• What type of intervention does Devonia's assistant employ by not leaving her side?
• On whose concept is the response-deprivation hypothesis built?
• What is a characteristic of a specific learning disability (SLD)?
• What is a primary goal when employing positive reinforcement in behavior management?
• What distinguishes a response prompt from a stimulus prompt?
• Which is a goal of conducting a functional analysis?
• Sleeping after a week of sleep deprivation is an example of which type of motivating operation?
• What must educators provide to establish accountability in special education?
• Which aspect of special education is directly influenced by accountability?
• Which hypothesis statement accurately reflects important elements according to the descriptive data?
• Which of the following best describes the arrangement of reinforcers?
• What is considered a fundamental aspect of effective behavior analysis intervention?
• What does the term "transition services" refer to?
• In special education, what is meant by "mainstreaming"?
• Which team is responsible for developing an IEP?
• Evidence-based practices in special education are designed to achieve what outcome?
• Why is progress monitoring important in special education?
• Why is combining analytic tactics in an experimental design beneficial?
• Which of the following would best illustrate the concept of accountability in special education?
• What do applied behavior analysts aim to achieve by using imitation as an intervention?
• What does accountability in special education primarily refer to?
• In terms of behavior, what does the term 'satiation' refer to?
• What does the behavior-altering effect produce concerning behavior that has been reinforced?
• What is the value-altering effect related to in behavioral terms?
• Which document outlines the procedural safeguards for parents in special education?
• What does RTI stand for, and what is its purpose?
• Which of the following illustrates an example of stimulus control?
• Applied behavior analysis research primarily focuses on which aspect of behavior?
• What do motivating operations and discriminative stimuli have in common?
• Which term refers to when a stimulus increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring?
• What kind of intervention is discouraged for severely disruptive students in most ethical frameworks?
• Which of the following is a requirement under IDEA?
• Which forms of FBA can confirm hypotheses regarding problem behavior?
• What is the significance of the term "child find"?
• Ms. Frieder is conducting an assessment on Amelia's work refusals. What type of data recording is she using?
• Experiments illustrating a clear functional relationship between the independent variable and observed behavior are noted for having high what?
• Which of the following is NOT typically associated with accountability in special education?
• Which term has been suggested to replace the term establishing operation (EO)?
• Which factor can influence the development of an IEP?
• Which example represents an arbitrary stimulus class?
• A neutral stimulus can be made into a reinforcer by?
• What are "functional goals" in an IEP?
• An uncontrolled factor that is known or suspected to have exerted influence on the dependent variable is called a(n)?
• What behavioral principles are involved in stimulus discrimination?
• What are extended school year services (ESY)?
• Using tokens for waiting alongside a program is an example of which approach?
• What is the most likely function of Devonia's head-hitting behavior?
• How is positive punishment defined?
• How do socio-economic factors impact students with disabilities?
• What is the age range during which students are entitled to receive FAPE under IDEA?
• What outcome is generally associated with positive punishment?
• Which of the following behavior concepts involves reinforcing responses that occur with specific stimuli?
• What is the recommended initial response for managing severe disruptive behavior according to ethical practices?
• What role do assistive technologies play in special education?
• How is experimental control demonstrated when evaluating positive reinforcement?
• What is a "manifestation determination"?
• What type of motivating operation makes another event effective as a reinforcer based on its relationship to an unconditioned reinforcer?
• What ethical consideration is paramount in special education interventions?
• In the context of learning, extinction typically refers to:
• What does the term "multicultural education" refer to in special education?
• Which descriptive assessment method is best for analyzing behaviors over time?
• How should Mr. Moon correctly respond when implementing a contingent escape condition with Ira after he kicks his shin?
• What is the intent of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) relating to students with disabilities?
• What is referred to when multiple stimuli evoke the same response?
• The ultimate purpose of social validity assessment is to?
• What assessment is typically used to determine eligibility for special education services?
• Why should punishment not be viewed as an "eye-for-an-eye" procedure?
• In the context of behavior analysis, what is meant by "target behavior"?
• Which of the following research designs have contributed the least in terms of effective technology for behavior change?
• Which term describes the effectiveness of a particular environmental event as a reinforcer?
• What does noncontingent reinforcement refer to?
• What factor increases the effectiveness of positive reinforcement?
• What consequence does Charles experience after spitting on his teacher?
• What characteristic does formal similarity between imitated behaviors refer to?
• What is the difference between a cognitive disability and a developmental disability?
• What is a key guideline for effective reinforcement?
• What type of motivating operation is characterized by value-altering effects that are not learned?
• What is the definition of "emotional disturbance" under IDEA?
• Effective strategies in special education are derived from:
• Accountability and liability are measurements of what in special education?
• What does EBD stand for, and what does it signify?
• What is the primary issue with the punishment procedure used for Carlos?
• What role do parents play in the IEP development process?
• Which guideline is not recommended for the use of punishment?
• Which assessment method helps in determining preferences of stimuli for individuals?
• In the context of special education, what does the term "collaboration" mean?