Which of the following behavior concepts involves reinforcing responses that occur with specific stimuli?

The concept that involves reinforcing responses that occur with specific stimuli is known as discrimination. Discrimination in behavioral psychology refers to the ability of an individual to differentiate between two or more stimuli and respond differently based on which stimulus is present. When a particular response is reinforced only in the presence of a specific stimulus, this helps the individual learn to discern that stimulus from others.

For example, if a child learns to say "please" only when they want something and receive a reward for doing so, they are discriminating between situations where saying "please" yields a positive outcome and those where it does not. This form of learning is crucial in developing appropriate behaviors in response to specific cues in their environment.

Conditioning, while related, refers more broadly to the process of learning associations between stimuli and responses rather than focusing exclusively on the reinforcement of responses in the context of specific stimuli. Generalization occurs when a learned response is elicited by stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus, which is opposite to the idea of focusing on specific stimuli. Replication does not pertain to the learning of behaviors in response to stimuli but rather refers to the repetition of an experiment or study to verify results.