What term refers to the alteration of the effectiveness of an object or event as a reinforcer?

The term that refers to the alteration of the effectiveness of an object or event as a reinforcer is called "establishing operation." This concept is grounded in behavior analysis and describes conditions that increase the potency of a reinforcer. For example, if a person is deprived of food, their desire for food is heightened, making it a more effective reinforcer. Establishing operations can take various forms, including deprivation, aversive stimuli, or changes in context, all of which can impact how reinforcing a particular stimulus becomes in that situation.

This understanding is crucial in developing effective behavior modification strategies within special education, as it helps educators and practitioners assess when and how to utilize specific reinforcers based on the individual's current state or needs. By manipulating establishing operations, educators can enhance the effectiveness of reinforcement, facilitating better learning outcomes for students.