What is the difference between high-incidence and low-incidence disabilities?

The distinction between high-incidence and low-incidence disabilities is primarily based on the prevalence and frequency of these disabilities among the population. High-incidence disabilities refer to those that occur more frequently, such as learning disabilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and mild intellectual disabilities. These conditions are commonly identified in educational settings and often receive a greater focus in special education programming due to their larger numbers.

On the other hand, low-incidence disabilities are considered rare and include conditions such as severe intellectual disabilities, sensory impairments, or multiple disabilities. These disabilities typically require more specialized interventions and resources due to their unique challenges and lesser prevalence.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for educators and professionals in special education, as it influences both the supports provided and the strategies employed to assist students with different types of disabilities. The frequency and visibility of high-incidence disabilities often make them more a routine part of educational practice, in contrast to the more specialized approaches necessary for low-incidence disabilities.