How is experimental control demonstrated when evaluating positive reinforcement?

The demonstration of experimental control in the context of evaluating positive reinforcement is effectively shown by comparing response rates with and without contingencies. This approach allows for a clear understanding of how the presence or absence of reinforcement affects behavior. When researchers manipulate the environment by introducing or removing positive reinforcement, they can observe differences in response rates, thereby establishing a direct link between the reinforcer and the behavior in question.

This form of comparison helps to isolate the effect of reinforcement from other potential influencing factors, allowing for a more accurate assessment of how and why certain behaviors occur. It provides empirical evidence that supports the claim that positive reinforcement is the cause of changes in behavior. By closely examining these response patterns, researchers can draw meaningful conclusions about the effectiveness of reinforcement strategies, leading to improved practices in special education settings.

The other options do not directly establish a cause-and-effect relationship in the same way. For instance, matching behavior to external variables may not isolate the effect of reinforcement itself. Using irrelevant behavioral measures does not provide accurate analysis, and establishing fixed response schedules does not inherently demonstrate the effect of reinforcement compared to its absence.